{"id":5442,"date":"2017-11-09T07:00:53","date_gmt":"2017-11-09T15:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pro.harman.com\/insights\/?p=5442"},"modified":"2017-09-27T10:01:31","modified_gmt":"2017-09-27T17:01:31","slug":"tech-talks-how-accurate-reference-monitoring-can-end-the-circle-of-confusion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pro.harman.com\/insights\/enterprise\/broadcast\/tech-talks-how-accurate-reference-monitoring-can-end-the-circle-of-confusion\/","title":{"rendered":"TECH TALKS: How Accurate Reference Monitoring Can End the \u201cCircle of Confusion\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

In a special edition of Tech Talks, we\u2019re speaking with Dr. Sean Olive, a member of the Board of Governors and past President of the Audio Engineering Society<\/a> (AES) as well as Research Fellow, Acoustics at HARMAN Professional Solutions. Dr. Olive, who holds a Ph.D. in Sound Recording from McGill University, has worked as a research scientist at the National Research Council of Canada and taught recording engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles before joining HARMAN in 1993 to lead acoustics research. He has written more than 45 research papers on the perception and measurement of audio and was awarded the AES Fellowship Award, two AES Publication Awards and the Association of Loudspeaker Manufacturing and Acoustics (ALMA) Titanium Driver Award for scientific contributions to the loudspeaker and headphone industry.<\/p>\n

Dr. Olive recently presented a paper titled, \u201cA Scientific Basis for Choosing Loudspeakers and Headphones for Recording and Broadcast\u201d<\/em><\/a> at both NAB and InfoComm. The paper focused on the need for better industry standards in order to create more accurate reference monitors across the board for broadcast and recording. Since reference monitors are a very important topic for recording and broadcast audio engineers, I reached out to Dr. Olive to learn more.<\/p>\n

[SKD]: Perhaps it goes without saying that the recording industry has changed a lot; the typical studio is no longer this high-end Abby Road sort of setup. More and more recordings are done in a spare bedroom in someone\u2019s house or on a hotel bed after a concert. With such simplified recording setups, why should people care about the sound profile of the monitors or reference headphones they\u2019re using to do the recording? Why does it matter so much?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"[SO]: People should care about the quality of the equipment recording engineers are using, even in home recordings, because without an accurate reference, we end up with something I call the <\/em>\u201cCircle of Confusion.\u201d<\/em><\/a> There are several ways not having an accurate reference can make a mix worse without the engineer realizing it.<\/em><\/p>\n

For example, if they\u2019re listening to headphones that are lacking in bass, they may overcompensate and add bass in their mix. Then, when the listener plays it back in their car or home, if their speakers are more neutral and accurate than the engineers, suddenly they\u2019re going to hear too much bass. Similarly, if the headphones the engineer uses are very dull, they may compensate by increasing the high frequencies, and then when listeners play it back, it may sound too bright. <\/em><\/p>\n

An even worse issue occurs when speakers aren\u2019t able to accurately reproduce certain frequencies. If there is a 60 Hz hum, but the headphones can\u2019t reproduce that frequency accurately, that hum is going to be put on the recording and a listener with more accurate speakers is going to be able to hear it. If there are resonances in the speakers or headphones, the engineer may try to EQ them out and end up with dips in the audio spectrum for anyone not using that specific brand and model of headphones. When you use speakers or headphones with a more accurate reference, you don\u2019t have that issue. <\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"[SKD]: That\u2019s a very good point. However, the counterargument I usually hear to that is, \u201cWhy don\u2019t you just use what everyone else uses and get the best consumer headphones you have? If you use what they\u2019re using, you\u2019ll know that it will sound good for them.\u201d What\u2019s your answer to that?<\/strong><\/p>\n

[SO]: The issue with that argument is that one side has no way of knowing what the other side used. The consumer has no way of knowing what the engineer used, and the engineer doesn\u2019t know what the consumer will use either. Matching what the other side has is just impossible, because different speakers have different issues. This is why I\u2019ve been arguing for standards, so we have more consistency as an industry. If there are standard performance requirements, we can then design both professional and consumer products that meet that same standard. That\u2019s what we\u2019ve been doing at HARMAN. All of our <\/em>JBL Professional reference monitors<\/em><\/a> are designed to be flat and neutral, and if you look at the <\/em>Revel<\/em><\/a> and <\/em>JBL consumer speakers<\/em><\/a>, they\u2019re designed to the same targets. That way, people listening to those consumer speakers will hear what the recording engineer heard, and they won\u2019t hear any artifacts.<\/em><\/p>\n

[SKD]: Another thing I\u2019ve heard when it comes to speakers and headphones is this argument that, \u201cWell, I know these headphones\u201d or \u201cI know these speakers.\u201d Can you explain that and address it?<\/strong><\/p>\n

[SO]: What I often hear is that people in the industry will use a particular speaker model and say, \u201cI know the \u2018true sound\u2019 of those speakers. I take that into account, and I don\u2019t try to compensate for them when I mix. I know they don\u2019t have a lot of bass, so I avoid adding extra bass when I\u2019m mixing.\u201d I don\u2019t know if that argument holds true, because they aren\u2019t actually hearing what it really sounds like at that point. They\u2019re guessing. And certainly, if there\u2019s 60 Hz hum and the speaker can\u2019t produce it, they\u2019re not going to hear it. I think it\u2019s a myth. There are accurate monitors, like the <\/em>JBL LSR305<\/em><\/a>,<\/em> that are quite inexpensive and very flat and neutral as well, so there\u2019s no excuse for not using something that\u2019s accurate.<\/em><\/p>\n

[SKD]: You mentioned the need for standards and recently presented a paper on this topic, discussing some of the ways we could further this. Could you talk a little bit about that and explain how it ties into this subject?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"[SO]: The big theme of the paper is about addressing that circle of confusion I mentioned. If you look at audio as two components\u2014the production\/artistic side and the reproduction side\u2014we\u2019re never going to appreciate or hear what the producer heard if there\u2019s not a common standard or uniformity between the loudspeakers and headphones they use for recording and a comparable standard on the speaker or headphones listeners use to play that audio back. Over the years, there has been a lot of resistance to this, even in the professional world. People look at monitors as an instrument or a tool in their arsenal, like microphones and processors that are artistic devices used to tailor the sound. Not everyone appreciates that the monitors are separate from that process and should be considered part of the reproduction side of the equation. <\/em><\/p>\n

The paper then goes on to make an argument of what that standard could be based upon all the research we at HARMAN have done in loudspeakers and headphones. Using controlled listening tests, we found that people tend to like a certain kind of loudspeaker or headphone. We\u2019ve tested it with hundreds of people from different cultures and age groups. They all converge on something that\u2019s accurate and neutral. We can measure these headphones and loudspeakers and actually model and predict how people will rate them. The science is in place to develop a standard in the recording and broadcast industry that can actually quantify how accurate the monitor is.<\/em><\/p>\n

[SKD]: So, what\u2019s wrong with the current standards that are out there?<\/strong><\/p>\n

[SO]: On the professional side, the current standard for broadcast and recording speakers is a standard set by the <\/em>International Telecommunication Union (ITU)<\/em><\/a>, and it\u2019s flawed in many ways. We know from 30 years of research that to characterize the quality of a loudspeaker, you have to measure all around it. Ideally, you measure it anechoically (without echo), so you can remove the effect of the room and characterize the loudspeaker\u2019s direct sound, reflections, late reflections, etc. The current standard doesn\u2019t specify where to measure the speaker, and you can\u2019t practice a standard if there are no details on how to measure it. More importantly, it doesn\u2019t characterize the sound beyond 30 degrees, so if you\u2019re sitting off axis or are in a room with reflections, you\u2019re not guaranteed to hear good and consistent sound. As long as the speaker falls within some generous tolerances, you meet the standard. The science is now in place to have a more accurate standard, which is what I\u2019m arguing that we need.<\/em><\/p>\n

[SKD]:This look at the need for better standards across the board is more forward-looking. When people are looking at speakers or headphones today, though, how can they ensure that they\u2019re getting a product that has the type of response that you\u2019ve been talking about, given these standards aren\u2019t in place yet?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"[SO]: Most reference headphones and monitors list a range that says they go from 15 Hz to 30 kHz, but without a tolerance or information on how it was measured, it\u2019s completely useless. The best thing a consumer can do is get a complete 3D set of measurements, which only a few manufacturers (JBL, for example) provide. The same problem exists for headphones. However, loudspeaker and headphone product review sites, like <\/em>SoundStage<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>InnerFidelity<\/em><\/a> or <\/em>Rtings<\/em><\/a>,<\/em> do provide useful measurements related to how the product sounds. Soundstage uses loudspeaker measurements that are similar to HARMAN\u2019s. The headphone measurements will be compensated based on how closely they come to something like the HARMAN target curve, and the closer they come to that target curve, the better it will sound with all things being equal. <\/em><\/p>\n

I\u2019d like to offer my sincere gratitude to Dr. Olive for taking time to speak with us. You can read his full paper<\/a>\u00a0to learn more.<\/p>\n

Do you have insights into accurate reference monitoring? Share them in the comments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In a special edition of Tech Talks, we\u2019re speaking with Dr. Sean Olive, a member of the Board of Governors and past President of the Audio Engineering Society (AES) as well as Research Fellow, Acoustics at HARMAN Professional Solutions. Dr. Olive, who holds a Ph.D.
CONTINUE READING<\/a>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":5461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,38],"tags":[],"application":[],"avlc":[],"brand":[],"product-category":[],"class_list":["post-5442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-broadcast","category-studio"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTECH TALKS: How Accurate Reference Monitoring Can End the \u201cCircle of Confusion\u201d - HARMAN Professional Solutions Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pro.harman.com\/insights\/enterprise\/broadcast\/tech-talks-how-accurate-reference-monitoring-can-end-the-circle-of-confusion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TECH TALKS: How Accurate Reference Monitoring Can End the \u201cCircle of Confusion\u201d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a special edition of Tech Talks, we\u2019re speaking with Dr. Sean Olive, a member of the Board of Governors and past President of the Audio Engineering Society (AES) as well as Research Fellow, Acoustics at HARMAN Professional Solutions. 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