{"id":5585,"date":"2017-10-18T11:32:47","date_gmt":"2017-10-18T18:32:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pro.harman.com\/insights\/?p=5585"},"modified":"2017-10-18T11:32:47","modified_gmt":"2017-10-18T18:32:47","slug":"tech-talks-moving-beyond-wattage-when-determining-speaker-loudness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pro.harman.com\/insights\/enterprise\/tech-talks-moving-beyond-wattage-when-determining-speaker-loudness\/","title":{"rendered":"TECH TALKS: Moving Beyond Wattage When Determining Speaker Loudness"},"content":{"rendered":"

Like many people, I played in a band in high school and college. My personal instrument of choice was bass guitar, and that meant I was constantly looking at getting larger bass amps and cabinets (we bassists are prone to being gear-heads when it comes to amps). When I started looking at getting a new amp, all of my guitar-playing friends shared this one bit of commonly-held truth: the higher the wattage of the speaker, the louder it is. The problem with this advice is that it is wrong<\/em>.<\/p>\n

This bit of shared misunderstanding has carried over into the professional AV space, where people assume that higher-wattage loudspeakers are inherently louder. To better understand what\u2019s really going on and how to better understand speaker loudness, I reached out to Charles Sprinkle<\/a>, Principal Engineer, Loudspeakers for HARMAN Professional Solutions.<\/p>\n

\"\"[SKD]: Many times when people are selecting speakers, they will encounter two different speakers from two different brands, and they are both the same wattage. People assume the volume output\u2014called the sound pressure level (SPL)\u2014will be the same for both speakers, but this isn\u2019t necessarily the case. Why is that, and how do they know which will produce the SPL they need for their application?<\/strong><\/p>\n

[CS]: I get this question about wattage a lot, and it is based upon this false assumption that just because two speakers have the same wattage they will have the same loudness, and that is simply not the case. The industry has played into this wattage debate, and it makes no sense to me at all, because comparing the wattage of two loudspeakers is like saying, \u201cThis is a faster racecar because it consumes more gasoline.\u201d You can have two speakers, one 300W and another 600W. Just on paper, you might assume that the 600W speaker is twice as loud, but all it takes is a 3.01 dB sensitivity difference to make a 300W speaker louder than a 600W speaker. The issue isn\u2019t how much power the speaker uses. We should be looking at how well it performs. That\u2019s how you ensure you\u2019re getting the right loudspeaker for your needs.<\/em><\/p>\n

[SKD]: So if wattage isn\u2019t the right measurement, what is it? What should they be looking at?<\/strong><\/p>\n

[CS]: The measurement you should reference is \u201cMaximum SPL\u201d.\u00a0 This can also be broken down into maximum continuous SPL and Peak SPL.\u00a0 Continuous SPL is the average SPL of the system at full output using IEC noise input.\u00a0 Peak SPL is the instantaneous peak pressure level of the system pushed fully into the compressor\/limiter.<\/em><\/p>\n

[SKD]: How is this SPL measured and what does it really mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n

[CS]: SPL stands for Sound Pressure Level.\u00a0 It is the primary objective unit of measure for acoustic output, given in decibels (dB) referenced to 20 micropascals.\u00a0 This may seem obscure to most people, but when we compare common references, the meaning becomes more apparent.\u00a0 For example, conversational speech at a distance of 1 meter would be 60 decibels, reference level for cinema would be 85 decibels, and a chainsaw at a distance of 1 meter would be 110 decibels.\u00a0 (Continued exposure to SPL above 90dB can cause permanent hearing damage.)<\/em><\/p>\n

We measure the maximum SPL in a large anechoic space so that there is no influence of a room in the measurements.\u00a0 The loudspeaker is placed on the ground and pointed at a calibrated SPL meter 2 meters away.\u00a0 IEC noise is input to the loudspeaker and the SPL is recorded.\u00a0 The SPL level is increased by 6dB from the placement of the meter and loudspeaker on the floor and reduced by 6dB because of the 2 meter distance, making the result equivalent to a 1 meter anechoic measurement.\u00a0 Measurements are made with \u201cC\u201d weighting.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"[SKD]: Then what about wattage?<\/strong><\/p>\n

[CS]: Again, wattage really makes no sense at all.\u00a0 I can put 100 Watts into a light bulb, but it doesn\u2019t make any sound at all (or shouldn\u2019t).\u00a0 Why are we using this for loudspeakers?\u00a0 Actually, let me stay with the light bulb analogy for a minute\u2026\u00a0 It will help me illustrate my point.\u00a0 You can buy a 100 Watt incandescent light bulb that produces 1600 Lumens.\u00a0 An LED light bulb might produce the same amount of light for 15 Watts.\u00a0 I would submit that Lumens is the relevant unit of measure, as it represents the amount of light produced.\u00a0 Of course, if you are using the light bulb as a room heater, you might disagree.\u00a0 The relationship between the power consumed and the light produced is called efficiency.\u00a0 An analogous relationship exists in loudspeakers between the power consumed and sound produced, but it\u2019s not as simple.<\/em><\/p>\n

[SKD]: Why is it more complicated?<\/strong><\/p>\n

[CS]: It gets a little strange because music isn\u2019t pure sinewaves and loudspeakers aren\u2019t simple resistors.\u00a0 The lightbulb gets a simple sinewave voltage and is basically resistive, so the math is easy.\u00a0 You might imagine that music is a pretty complex signal, but the impedance of a loudspeaker isn\u2019t as simple as you would think.\u00a0 Because of the way that most loudspeakers are constructed, the impedance changes as a function of frequency.\u00a0 So as an example, the impedance of an 8 Ohm loudspeaker can vary between 6 Ohms and 20 or more.\u00a0 This means that a given power input will produce significantly different SPL at different frequencies.\u00a0 This is not good for comparison.\u00a0 Loudspeakers are generally tuned to produce a given SPL for a particular input voltage, which is where you would see a frequency response chart (hopefully with a smooth flat curve).\u00a0 The relationship between voltage input and SPL output is called voltage sensitivity.<\/em><\/p>\n

[SKD]: Could we use voltage sensitivity as our measurement figure?<\/strong><\/p>\n

[CS]: Sure, but you would also need the maximum voltage of the amplifier to arrive at maximum SPL.\u00a0 Why should the user have to do the math when we can directly measure SPL?<\/em><\/p>\n

[SKD]: So, when I\u2019m looking at these SPL ratings, how do I read them and apply them to my application?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"[CS]: Ultimately, it comes down to knowing <\/em>how loud your system needs to be<\/em><\/a>. In studio applications, for example, users may want 85 dB for normal listening plus another 20 dB of dynamic headroom. This equates to 105 dB peak SPL at the listening location. The listening location is important, because sound drops 6 dB of SPL as the distance from the speaker doubles, meaning a speaker that produces 110 dB at a meter is only going to produce 104 dB at 2m and 98 dB at 4m. So if the installer knows the loudspeaker\u2019s maximum SPL ratings and how far the speaker is from the listening location, they can determine whether a loudspeaker meets the requirements for both the continuous sound (in this example, 85 dB) and peaks (105 dB). <\/em><\/p>\n

Of course, this is just one of several metrics of performance. You need to consider the speaker\u2019s SPL capability but you should also look at how low the speaker goes (the lowest frequency on the speaker\u2019s bandwidth capability), the distortion level, dynamics and coverage pattern, not to mention the continuity of both on axis vs. off axis measurements. There is a lot that goes into selecting the right speaker for an application, which is why it is best to consult a sound engineer when possible to ensure you\u2019re getting the best fit.<\/em><\/p>\n

I\u2019d like to offer my sincere thanks to Charles for taking the time to speak with us. Do you have insights into the best ways of determining the right speaker fit for an application? Share them in the comments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Like many people, I played in a band in high school and college. My personal instrument of choice was bass guitar, and that meant I was constantly looking at getting larger bass amps and cabinets (we bassists are prone to being gear-heads when it comes
CONTINUE READING<\/a>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":5588,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,24],"tags":[],"application":[],"avlc":[],"brand":[],"product-category":[],"class_list":["post-5585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enterprise","category-entertainment"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTECH TALKS: Moving Beyond Wattage When Determining Speaker Loudness - HARMAN Professional Solutions Insights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pro.harman.com\/insights\/enterprise\/tech-talks-moving-beyond-wattage-when-determining-speaker-loudness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TECH TALKS: Moving Beyond Wattage When Determining Speaker Loudness\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Like many people, I played in a band in high school and college. 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